Asked how many votes he would guess Buchanan legitimately received in Palm Beach County, he said, "I think 1,000 would be generous. Do you think the Supreme Court was right to halt the recount in Florida? Do I believe that these people inadvertently cast their votes for Pat Buchanan? India? The ballot displayed the list of presidential running-mate pairs alternately across two adjacent pages, with a column of punch spaces down the middle. Positive sign indicates number of votes that decision caused to be included (or put back) in state certified total. Advertisement ET CNN After the grueling 36-day Florida recount battle, Al Gore finally conceded the presidency to. [4], An analysis of the NORC data by University of Pennsylvania researcher Steven F. Freeman and journalist Joel Bleifuss concluded that, no matter what standard is used, after a recount of all uncounted votes, Gore would have been the victor. With Bush at 246 electoral votes and Gore at 266, the Florida results likely determined the outcome of the 2000 presidential election. 3.08 Module Exam (Government) The case of Palm Beach Canvassing Board v. Katherine Harris (also known as Harris I) was a lawsuit about whether county canvassing boards had authority to extend manual recounts in order to inspect ballots for which the machine counter did not register a vote. what was harriet tubman beat know for? It was in line with a letter sent out by Harris stating that if a postmark was not present on an overseas ballot, it had to be thrown out. The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state. For example, 21,188 of the Florida overvotes, or nearly one-fifth of the total, originated from Duval County, where the presidential ballot was split across two pages and voters were instructed to "vote every page". The U.S. Presidential Election of 1876 Was Pure Chaos. [12] This statutory process primarily accommodated recounts for local elections. But as more votes were counted, Bush edged into the lead later in the night, prompting networks to renounce their projections and name Florida as undecided. Then they called the Sunshine State for Bush, which was followed by a private concession by Gore that was itself soon rescinded. Unlike the other 20 counties, Palm Beach and Pasco Counties determined voter intent on 74 overvotes for Gore and Bush; however, they did not include them in their certified results. The county-level variance from the total number of ballots was 0.76%. The NORC study (see below) did not address either of the concerns about overseas absentee ballots and Nassau County's certification change, as their effects were already included in the baseline totals. Some questioned Buchanan's 3,407 votes in Palm Beach County, Florida, given the liberal leanings of the county, the sizeable Jewish population, and his performance in the remainder of the state. In a chorus that echoes those voices of 2000, Florida Republicans (and indeed the GOP generally) are expressing dismay at the recount of 2018. She said that she used both sides of the ballot in order to make the candidate names larger so the county's elderly residents could more easily see the names.[54]. Nationally, Bush had won 246 electoral votes; Gore had won 260. . Aside from this case, also in dispute were the criteria that each county's canvassing board would use in examining the overvotes and/or undervotes. When the county segregated all ballots by machine for the NORC review, 512 previously rejected ballots were determined to be completely valid. Have Any U.S. Presidents Decided Not to Run For a Second Term? For all the furor over Palm Beach, it was black precincts where voters had been turned away, denied a ballot because some had been mislabeled as felons, blocked from voting because of bureaucratic bungles, or because the huge increase in black turnout had overwhelmed local officials. Of the overvotes, 68,476 chose Gore and a minor candidate; 23,591 chose Bush and a minor candidate. With only two hours remaining until the December 12 deadline, the Supreme Court's order effectively ended the recount. [11] If the board discovered an error that in its judgment could affect the outcome of the election, they were then authorized to do a full recount of the ballots. NBC News' Simone Boyce takes a look back at the 2000 election and explains the. Under the FAC, a ballot with any other name written in (including Bush and Gore, who were not qualified as write-in candidates) was not an overvote, but rather a valid vote for the candidate whose name was marked by the voter. The review's findings were reported in the media during the week after November 12, 2001, by the organizations that funded the recount: Associated Press, CNN, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, The Washington Post, St. Petersburg Times, The Palm Beach Post and Tribune Publishing, which included the Los Angeles Times, South Florida Sun-Sentinel, Orlando Sentinel and Chicago Tribune. a swing state with challenged votes. [36], The project's goal was to determine the reliability and accuracy of the systems used in the voting process, including how different systems correlated with voter mistakes. Eventually, the Gore campaign appealed to the Florida Supreme Court, which ordered the recount to proceed. 3.06 Elections and Voting. On December 8, in a 43 decision, the Florida Supreme Court ordered immediate manual recounts of undervotes for the office of president in all counties where such recounts had not already taken place. Gore called Bush to concede the election, but in the early hours of the following morning it became apparent that the Florida race was much closer than Gores staff had originally believed. The Palm Beach County recount and the Miami-Dade County recount (having been suspended) were still incomplete at 5:00p.m. on November 26, when Harris certified the statewide vote count with Bush ahead by 537 votes. Circle Countries that came under the rule of a fascist government and dictator before WWII began As USA Today said of the findings on May 11, 2001: USA Today: George W. Bush would have won a hand recount of all disputed ballots in Floridas presidential election if the most widely accepted standard for judging votes had been applied. Among these was the Palm Beach "butterfly ballot", which resulted in an unusually high number of votes for Reform Party candidate Pat Buchanan. In 2000, Florida was allocated 25 electors because it had 23 congressional districts and 2 senators. It would surely be accepted by the reviewing authority, which was the U.S. Senate, where Republicans were in control. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. As court challenges were issued over the legality of hand recounts in select counties, news stories were filled with the arcane vocabulary of the election judge. Undervotes from optical-scan counties, however, correlate with Democratic votes more than Republican votes, and in particular to counties that scanned ballots at a central location rather than at precinct locations. [1], The controversy began on election night, November 7, 2000, when the national television networks, using information provided to them by the Voter News Service, an organization formed by the Associated Press to help determine the outcome of the election through early result tallies and exit polling, first called Florida for Gore in the hour after polls closed in the peninsula (in the Eastern time zone) but about ten minutes before they closed in the heavily Republican counties of the panhandle (in the Central time zone). Conservatives claimed that the same ballot had been successfully used in the 1996 election;[18] in fact, it had never been used in a Palm Beach County election among rival candidates for office. A full, official recount of all votes statewide could have gone either way, but one was never conducted. The Florida recount was the subject of the 2008 television film Recount, which aired on HBO. Salvado says that this alone cost Gore the election. That first day's results reduced the margin to just over 900 votes. a. a global recession. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Most of the variation occurred in Votomatic overvotes, the least likely ballots to yield votes in a recount. In their presidential campaigns, both candidates focused primarily on domestic issues, such as economic growth, the federal budget surplus, health care, tax relief, and reform of social insurance and welfare programs, particularly Social Security and Medicare. It was ostensibly completed on November 10 in the 66 Florida counties that used vote-counting machines and reduced Bush's lead to 327 votes. An official recount might well have come up with yet a third set of numbers. He captured it easily, seeing off a challenge from Bill Bradley, a former U.S. senator from New Jersey. "[7], The Florida election was closely scrutinized after Election Day. Furthermore, the Florida Administrative Code: 1S-2.0031, "Write-in Procedures Governing Electronic Voting Systems", (7) at the time specified, "An overvote shall occur when an elector casts a vote on the ballot card and also casts a write-in vote for a qualified write-in candidate for that same office. Orange County total of 512 properly filled ballots not read by machine on November 8, 2000. Jeb Bush really didn't do anything to rig the vote in Florida. The court ordered counties to submit returns by November 26, until which time the stay of certification would stand.[59]. Direct link to Tristan Lvin's post Couldn't they have just r, Posted 5 years ago. Please select which sections you would like to print: Michael Levy was political science editor (2000-06), executive editor (2006-11), editor of Britannica Blog (2010-11), and director of product content & curriculum (2011-12) at Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 7 terms. It was governed by Jeb Bush, a staunch conservative[8] and George W. Bush's brother. On November 14, Democratic lawyer Mark Herron authored a memo on how to challenge flawed ballots, including overseas ballots cast by members of the military. The Bush campaign immediately petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court for a stay of the recount order, which was granted on December 9. Most inclusive standard: any dimpled chads, any affirmative mark on optical scan ballots; includes optical scan overvotes. If Gore had won the recount, then he would have won the election with a total of 292 electoral votes, and Bush would have lost with 246 electoral votes. Five hundred thirty-seven votes. The election hinged on results from the state of Florida, where the vote was so close as to mandate a recount. Cerabino, Frank. Florida state election law required a mandatory statewide machine recount. Eighteen years is a long time. Bush v. Gore was a case heard before the U.S. Supreme Court in which that court reversed a Florida Supreme Court request for a selective manual recount of ballots cast in the U.S. presidential election of 2000. Subsequent statements by Lewis and internal court documents support the likelihood that overvotes would have been included in the recount. The Palm Beach Post put it more dramatically: He couldnt have caught George W. Bush even if his two best chances for an official recount had played out. What followed was a five-week war over the ballots, the rules, the law and the courts. Rowman & Littlefield. "The states highest officials responsible for ensuring efficiency, uniformity, and fairness in the election failed to fulfill their responsibilities. The final official Florida count gave the victory to Bush by 537 votes, making it by percentage not only the tightest race of the campaign (New Mexico was decided by 366 votes but has a much smaller population, representing a 0.061% margin), but also the closest in any United States presidential election ever. Some media reports focused on undervotes (chad blocked hole, wrong ink or pencil used, partial oval mark not detected, humidity affected scanner, ballot feeder misalignment), while others also included overvotes (hole punched or oval filled plus a write-in name, other multi-marked ballots). Gore had first called Bush to congratulate him on his victory, called again to rescind the concession. On the other hand, the study also found that Gore probably would have won, by a range of 42 to 171 votes out of 6 million cast, had there been a broad recount of all disputed ballots statewide. On December 9, 2000, four counties (Leon, Liberty, Madison, Manatee) completed recounts of undervotes ordered by the Florida Supreme Court, identifying a small number of new votes. rejected by the Florida Supreme Court in its ruling of December 8, 2000, the lightly populated counties of Gadsden, Hamilton, Lafayette and Union. These standards are applied to both undervotes and overvotes. [77] NORC investigators were able to examine 175,010 ballots, 99.2% of Florida's total,[78] but county officials were unable to deliver "as many as 2,200 problem ballots" to NORC. The Bush campaign subsequently appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, which took up the case Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board on December 1. Due to the narrow margin of the original vote count, Florida Election Code 102.141 mandated a statewide machine recount,[5] which began the day after the election. The same day, a state judge upheld that deadline but ruled that further recounts could be considered later. In addition, some counties had provided an extra 432 total ballots, while others produced 1,333 fewer ballots than expected. "[4] A physical mark on a ballot, at or near a designated target, is such an indication. The media consortium then analyzed the raw data produced by NORC and drew conclusions. How many electoral votes did George W. Bush win in the 2000 election? How such recounts in the case at hand could be made to fit into the statutory scheme, which, as Harris interpreted it, contemplated a quick certification followed, if necessary, by an election contest during which a court (rather than the canvassing boards) would be empowered to correct errors. By the time the networks switched Florida to Bush, the Texan had enough Electoral College support to be the projected winner. Initially, Florida had been considered fertile territory for Republicans. AP: A vote-by-vote review of untallied ballots in the 2000 Florida presidential election indicates George W. Bush would have narrowly prevailed in the partial recounts sought by Al Gore, but. Bush, and Democrat Bill Clinton. Election of 2000 On election night in November, television news networks initially declared that Gore had won Florida, despite several polls open in Republican-leaning districts, with. The standards considered by BDO Seidman were: The study notes that because of the possibility of mistakes, it is difficult to conclude that Gore would have won under the strict standard or that a high degree of certainty obtained in the study's results. USA Today, The Miami Herald, and Knight Ridder commissioned accounting firm BDO Seidman to count undervotes. c. 271. Judge Robert Rosenberg of the Broward County Canvassing Board uses a magnifying glass to examine a dimpled chad on a punch card ballot on November 24, 2000 during a vote recount in Fort Lauderdale, Fla. At about 3:00 am Gore called a stunned Bush to retract his concession. Am I correct? Sauls also rejected Gore's contest of the election result on December 4, and Gore appealed that decision too. As court challenges were issued over the legality of hand recounts in select counties, news stories were filled with the arcane vocabulary of the election judge. Ultimately, the contest focused on Florida. Map of the United States showing the number of electoral votes at stake in each state, colored red or blue according to whether Bush (red) or Gore (blue) won the state. Gore request for recounts in four counties: Florida Supreme Court order: accepts completed recounts for Broward, Palm Beach, Volusia and Miami-Dade (139 precincts); applies the above "prevailing standard" (but with no overvotes) to remaining Miami-Dade and other 63 counties. The newspaper said that Gore might have won narrowly if lenient standards were used that counted every mark on a ballot. The Florida election was closely scrutinized after Election Day. Was there anything else that he could have done? On November 11, it joined a group of Florida voters in suing in federal district court for a preemptive injunction to stop all manual recounting of votes in Florida. In comparison, counties that used paper ballots scanned by computers at voting places (in order to give voters a chance to correct their ballot if it had an error) had just 1 in 200 uncountable ballots. After an intense recount process and the United States Supreme Court's decision in Bush v. Gore, Bush won Floridas electoral votes by a margin of only 537 votes out of almost six million cast (0.009%) and, as a result, became the president-elect. CNN.com, 2001. To know more about presidential election of 2000 visit:-, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Consider the fact that babies who were crying in cribs while their parents agonized over Florida's protracted presidential recount in 2000 are now of voting age. An elector from the District of Columbia "cast a blank ballot", effectively abstaining, so DC cast only 2 of its 3 electoral votes for a candidate for both President and Vice President. On December 4, the U.S. Supreme Court returned this matter to the Florida Supreme Court with an order vacating its earlier decision. Second, the Court ruled 54 against the remedy, proposed by Justices Stephen Breyer and David Souter, of sending the case back to Florida to complete the recount using a uniform statewide standard before the scheduled December 18 meeting of Florida's electors in Tallahassee. Bush's lawyers argued that recounting votes in just four counties violated the 14th Amendment and also that similarly punched ballots could be tabulated differently since Florida had no detailed statutory standards for hand-counting votes. Direct link to Camden Charles's post Could Florida have decide, Posted 2 years ago. Florida, a swing state, had a major recount dispute that took center stage in the election. Could Florida have decided not to send its electors to the Electoral College if it did not have time to ensure the election was properly counted? [83] Under the other standards used in the study, Bush's margin of victory increased as looser standards were used. The state's electorate was becoming more diverse in general, with growing Asian and Hispanic immigrant populations.
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